Breast conserving surgery, also known as breast-conserving therapy, is a surgical procedure that involves removing only a portion of the breast tissue while preserving as much of the breast as possible. This approach is commonly used to treat early-stage breast cancer, where the tumor is relatively small and has not spread to other parts of the body.

During the procedure, the surgeon will remove the cancerous tissue along with a surrounding margin of healthy tissue, which is examined under a microscope to ensure that all the cancer has been removed. This is known as a lumpectomy.

Following breast conserving surgery, radiation therapy is often used to kill any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. Chemotherapy and hormone therapy may also be recommended, depending on the specific characteristics of the tumor and the patient's overall health.

Breast conserving surgery has several advantages over more radical surgeries, such as mastectomy. It allows for a more natural appearance of the breast, with less scarring and a lower risk of complications. It also allows women to preserve their breast sensation and maintain their overall quality of life. However, it is not always an appropriate option for every woman and may depend on factors such as the size and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health and personal preferences.